C1
Subjunctive Mood
It's essential that he be on time, I suggest she go — formal subjunctive in that-clauses.
C1 Grammar Lessons & Exercises
Advanced level — subjunctive, inverted conditionals, nominalisation, ellipsis, complex passives and more.
C1
Inverted Conditionals
Were I to go, Had she known, Should you need help — formal inversion instead of if.
C1
Advanced Modal Expressions
would rather she stayed, it's time he left, be supposed to, had better — complex modal patterns.
C1
Passive: Infinitives & Reporting
She is thought to have left, He is believed to be — passive with reporting verbs and infinitives.
C1
Complex Passives
She had her bag stolen, He was made to wait — causative passive and two-object passives.
C1
Ellipsis & Substitution
so do I, neither did she, I did too, do so — avoiding repetition in formal and informal English.
C1
Nominalisation
the increase in prices, a reduction in costs — turning verbs and adjectives into noun phrases.
C1
Fronting & Emphasis
What I need is rest, Not once did she apologise — moving elements to the front for emphasis.
C1
Advanced Inversion
Little did I know, Rarely has he been seen, Under no circumstances — extending inversion patterns.
C1
Extraposition (it-clauses)
It is important that..., It seems unlikely that..., It was decided to — placing clauses after it.
C1
Relative Clauses: C1
whereby, the reason why, whoever, whatever — advanced relative and nominal relative clauses.
C1
Participle Clauses: Advanced
Having been told, Not knowing what to do, Given the situation — passive and negative participles.
C1
Complex Noun Phrases
a rapidly growing company, the decision to leave early — pre- and post-modification of nouns.
C1
Reported Speech: C1
He denied having done it, She urged him to stay, They warned us against — advanced reporting verbs.
C1
Concession & Contrast
albeit, whereas, even so, much as I like him — advanced ways to express contrast and concession.
C1
Hedging Language
It seems that, it would appear, tends to, is thought to — being tentative and cautious in academic writing.
C1
Word Formation: Advanced
mis-, under-, over-, -ity, -ness, -tion — prefixes, suffixes and compound formation at C1 level.
C1
Discourse Markers: Advanced
notwithstanding, by the same token, in so far as — high-level connectors for formal writing.
More exercises coming soon
New topics are added regularly — check back soon.