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C1 Grammar Lessons & Exercises

Advanced level — subjunctive, inverted conditionals, nominalisation, ellipsis, complex passives and more.

A1 A2 B1 B2 C1

Subjunctive Mood

It's essential that he be on time, I suggest she go — formal subjunctive in that-clauses.

Inverted Conditionals

Were I to go, Had she known, Should you need help — formal inversion instead of if.

Advanced Modal Expressions

would rather she stayed, it's time he left, be supposed to, had better — complex modal patterns.

Passive: Infinitives & Reporting

She is thought to have left, He is believed to be — passive with reporting verbs and infinitives.

Complex Passives

She had her bag stolen, He was made to wait — causative passive and two-object passives.

Ellipsis & Substitution

so do I, neither did she, I did too, do so — avoiding repetition in formal and informal English.

Nominalisation

the increase in prices, a reduction in costs — turning verbs and adjectives into noun phrases.

Fronting & Emphasis

What I need is rest, Not once did she apologise — moving elements to the front for emphasis.

Advanced Inversion

Little did I know, Rarely has he been seen, Under no circumstances — extending inversion patterns.

Extraposition (it-clauses)

It is important that..., It seems unlikely that..., It was decided to — placing clauses after it.

Relative Clauses: C1

whereby, the reason why, whoever, whatever — advanced relative and nominal relative clauses.

Participle Clauses: Advanced

Having been told, Not knowing what to do, Given the situation — passive and negative participles.

Complex Noun Phrases

a rapidly growing company, the decision to leave early — pre- and post-modification of nouns.

Reported Speech: C1

He denied having done it, She urged him to stay, They warned us against — advanced reporting verbs.

Concession & Contrast

albeit, whereas, even so, much as I like him — advanced ways to express contrast and concession.

Hedging Language

It seems that, it would appear, tends to, is thought to — being tentative and cautious in academic writing.

Word Formation: Advanced

mis-, under-, over-, -ity, -ness, -tion — prefixes, suffixes and compound formation at C1 level.

Discourse Markers: Advanced

notwithstanding, by the same token, in so far as — high-level connectors for formal writing.

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C1 Grammar Lessons & Exercises

Advanced level — subjunctive, inverted conditionals, nominalisation, ellipsis, complex passives and more.

Subjunctive Mood

It's essential that he be on time, I suggest she go — formal subjunctive in that-clauses.

Inverted Conditionals

Were I to go, Had she known, Should you need help — formal inversion instead of if.

Advanced Modal Expressions

would rather she stayed, it's time he left, be supposed to, had better — complex modal patterns.

Passive: Infinitives & Reporting

She is thought to have left, He is believed to be — passive with reporting verbs and infinitives.

Complex Passives

She had her bag stolen, He was made to wait — causative passive and two-object passives.

Ellipsis & Substitution

so do I, neither did she, I did too, do so — avoiding repetition in formal and informal English.

Nominalisation

the increase in prices, a reduction in costs — turning verbs and adjectives into noun phrases.

Fronting & Emphasis

What I need is rest, Not once did she apologise — moving elements to the front for emphasis.

Advanced Inversion

Little did I know, Rarely has he been seen, Under no circumstances — extending inversion patterns.

Extraposition (it-clauses)

It is important that..., It seems unlikely that..., It was decided to — placing clauses after it.

Relative Clauses: C1

whereby, the reason why, whoever, whatever — advanced relative and nominal relative clauses.

Participle Clauses: Advanced

Having been told, Not knowing what to do, Given the situation — passive and negative participles.

Complex Noun Phrases

a rapidly growing company, the decision to leave early — pre- and post-modification of nouns.

Reported Speech: C1

He denied having done it, She urged him to stay, They warned us against — advanced reporting verbs.

Concession & Contrast

albeit, whereas, even so, much as I like him — advanced ways to express contrast and concession.

Hedging Language

It seems that, it would appear, tends to, is thought to — being tentative and cautious in academic writing.

Word Formation: Advanced

mis-, under-, over-, -ity, -ness, -tion — prefixes, suffixes and compound formation at C1 level.

Discourse Markers: Advanced

notwithstanding, by the same token, in so far as — high-level connectors for formal writing.

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More exercises coming soon

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