C1 reported speech goes beyond basic backshifting. Key areas: complex reporting verb patterns (insist on -ing, warn against, deny -ing, object to), when NOT to backshift (permanent facts, modals that don't change), and nuanced verb choice — picking the verb that accurately captures the speaker's intent, tone, and register.
C1 reporting verbs take specific grammatical patterns: verb + to-inf, verb + that-clause, verb + -ing, verb + object + to-inf, verb + prep + -ing. Choose the correct pattern.