
Past Perfect Continuous
How long something had been going on before another past moment: I had been waiting for an hour when she finally rang.
Upper-Intermediate level: advanced tenses, conditionals, causative, inversion, participle clauses and more.

How long something had been going on before another past moment: I had been waiting for an hour when she finally rang.

Actions already in progress at a set future time. Don't ring at eight, I'll be putting the kids to bed.


The passive in every tense, plus reporting structures like it is said that and she is believed to be.

Getting somebody else to do the job for you: I had my hair cut, she got her car fixed.

Looking back at what never happened. If I had left earlier, I would have caught that train.

Past cause, present result: if I had slept more, I wouldn't be so slow today.

Zero, first, second, third and mixed in one place, with no hints about which type you need.

Regrets and complaints: I wish I had gone, I wish you would stop doing that.

must have been, should have done, needn't have bought: guessing and judging the past.

remember doing or remember to do? Verbs that switch meaning with -ing and to.

He told me to go, she suggested going, they accused him of lying. Reporting verbs and their patterns.

the person to whom I spoke, which made her angry, and the clauses you can shorten.


Never have I seen, not only did he lie: formal word order after negative adverbials.

It was John who called, what I need is time. Put the spotlight on one part of the sentence.

however, moreover, despite, in spite of. Joining ideas so your writing actually flows.

each, every, either, neither, both: the small words that trip up strong students.
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